protamine sulfate การใช้

• Protamine sulfate is an antidote for heparin overdose.
• Its use has been supplanted by protamine sulfate.
• The patient is administered heparin to prevent clotting, and protamine sulfate is given after to reverse effects of heparin.
• Heparin is the most commonly used anticoagulant in hemodialysis, as it is generally well tolerated and can be quickly reversed with protamine sulfate.
• A disadvantage recognised early was the absence of an antidote in case acute bleeding develops, while warfarin can be antagonised by vitamin K and heparin by protamine sulfate.
• Avoiding rapid infusion of protamine sulfate and pre-treating at-risk patients with histamine receptor antagonists ( H1 and H2 ) and steroids may minimize these reactions.
• In gene therapy, protamine sulfate has been studied as a means to increase transduction rates by both viral and nonviral ( e . g . utilizing cationic lipids ) mediated delivery mechanisms.
• In gene therapy, protamine sulfate's ability to condense plasmid DNA along with its approval by the U . S . Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) have made it an appealing candidate to increase transduction rates by both viral and nonviral ( e . g . utilizing cationic liposomes ) mediated delivery mechanisms.